Egg incubator
Source: InternetPublisher:难得正经 Keywords: Constant temperature circuit Updated: 2024/10/15
The power of the egg hatching thermostat circuit is 75-150W, and it can hatch about 500 eggs at a time. The thermostat circuit consists of a power supply circuit, a temperature detection control circuit and an indication circuit, as shown in Figure 1.
The power supply circuit consists of a power switch S, a power transformer T, rectifier diodes VD1-VD4 and a filter capacitor C.
The temperature detection control circuit is composed of an electric contact thermometer Q, a resistor R1, a transistor V, a relay K, a diode VD5, thyristors VT1, VT2 and a fan motor M.
The indicating circuit is composed of resistors R2, R3 and neon indicator lights HL1, HL2.
When S is turned on, the fan motor M rotates, and the AC 220V voltage is stepped down by T, rectified by VD1-VD4 and filtered by C, providing a 9V DC voltage for the relay drive circuit composed of K and V. At the same time, the indicator light HL2 lights up.
When the power is just turned on, the controlled temperature of the thermostat is lower than the set temperature of Q, the temperature contact inside Q is in the disconnected state, V is in the cut-off state, K is in the released state, and the normally closed contact of K is connected, so that VTl and VT2 are alternately turned on and off in the positive and negative half cycles of the alternating current respectively. The electric heater EH is energized and starts heating, causing the temperature to gradually rise. At the same time, HLl lights up and HL2 goes out.
When the controlled temperature rises above the set temperature, the temperature contact inside Q is connected, V is turned on, K is attracted, the normally closed contact of K is disconnected, VTl and VT2 are turned off when the AC passes through zero, EH is powered off and heating stops, HLl is extinguished, and HL2 is lit. After EH is powered off, the temperature begins to drop slowly. When the temperature drops below the set temperature, the temperature contact inside Q is disconnected again, V is turned off, K is released, VTl and VT2 are alternately turned on again, and EH is powered on again. This process is repeated over and over again, so that the controlled temperature is constant at the set temperature value.
The incubator is a double-layer wooden structure with dimensions of 1000mmx980mmx680mm. There is a 30mm thick insulation layer between the double-layer wooden boards (using foam plastics or rock wool, cotton, etc. for heat insulation), and multiple egg trays are set inside the box. Fans are installed at appropriate locations in the incubator to ensure that fresh air can be continuously inhaled when the fans are running. The electric heater should be installed in front of the fan blades.
To ensure a certain humidity in the box, a basin of clean warm water should be placed directly in front of the fan or at the bottom of the box.
Component Selection
Rl-R3 are all 1/4W metal film resistors.
C is an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a withstand voltage of 25V.
VDl-VD5 are 1N4004 or 1N4007 silicon rectifier diodes.
V is 3DGI2 or 3DG805O, C8050, S8050 silicon NPN transistors.
VTl and VT2 are all 3A, 600V thyristors.
HLl and HU are all ordinary neon indicator lights.
T is a 3-5W power transformer with a secondary voltage of 9V.
K is a JRX-l3F or 4098 9V DC relay.
M is a φ15cm, 220V AC instrument fan motor, such as BY type.
Q is a BWG type O-50℃ electric contact thermometer.
S is a 6A, 220V power switch.
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