Working Principle of Electronic Ballast for Automotive High Intensity Discharge Lamp

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Working Principle of Electronic Ballast for Automotive High Intensity Discharge Lamp [Copy link]

Electronic ballasts for automotive high-intensity discharge lamps

Metal halide high-intensity gas discharge lamps, commonly known as HID, can be applied to multiple fields, especially in automotive lighting, which can effectively reduce accidents and benefit mankind. Existing low-voltage HID electronic controllers generally have problems such as old style, large size, many components, few functions and protection functions, low safety and reliability, and inconvenient installation and use:

1) When used during installation or testing, the "+, -" polarity is accidentally connected in reverse, or because cars in some parts of the world are positively grounded, it is easy for the wires in the car to burn, and in severe cases, it will catch fire and burn the controller, because this product has a reverse protection circuit;

2) When the power supply or car generates electricity, the voltage of the entire vehicle rises due to the instability of the voltage regulator tube or the reduction of the battery capacity, which is easy to burn. When the user stops the generator but forgets to turn off the lights, the battery is almost exhausted, the voltage drops, and there is not enough voltage when the car engine starts next time;

3) Since the instantaneous output ignition voltage is as high as 23KV at startup, when the bulb is burned out or damaged and cannot be lit, when the output wire is disconnected or damaged, or when there is no bulb installed, there will be a risk of sparking, which may cause fire in the car or people in the car to be injured. Some users accidentally damage the output wire during installation, causing a short circuit, which will burn out and the fuse will blow out;

4) When the bulb begins to age or the bulbs of different brands have obvious parameter errors, the bulb will work unstably.

The purpose of this design is to provide an electronic controller for high-intensity gas discharge lamps that is easy to install and use, safe, reliable, and fully functional.

The technical solution (Figure 1) is: a booster, A/C converter and high-voltage ignition are connected in sequence behind the DC power supply, the output end of the high-voltage ignition is connected to the HID high-intensity gas discharge lamp, and a reverse protection circuit is set between the DC power supply and the booster.

The electronic controller of the high-intensity gas discharge lamp also includes a control and protection module, which includes a switch tube, a pulse width modulator and an undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit. The switch tube is connected in series to the primary coil of the booster, the control end of the switch tube is connected to the output end of the pulse width modulator, the input end of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit is connected to the output end of the DC power supply for sampling, and the output end of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit is connected

to the input end of the pulse width modulator. The control and protection module also includes an open circuit and short circuit protection circuit, the input end of the open circuit and short circuit protection circuit is connected to the output end of the booster for sampling, and the output end of the open circuit and short circuit protection circuit is connected to the input end of the pulse width modulator.
This control and protection module also includes a ballast tracking circuit, the ballast tracking circuit samples the voltage from the output end of the booster and the current from the A/C converter, and the output end of the ballast tracking circuit is connected to the input end of the pulse width modulator.

A filter network is provided between the DC power supply and the booster, and between the A/C converter and the high-voltage ignition, and the output end of the DC power supply is connected to the power indication circuit.

This design has the following advantages:

it will automatically restart when the voltage drops. When the user stops the generator but forgets to turn off the light, and the battery is nearly exhausted, the voltage drops and the power is automatically cut off to ensure that the battery can save enough energy for the next start of the engine. When some users turn on the light to start the generator, the starter motor suddenly consumes a lot of current, causing the battery voltage to drop, and it will be protected and turned off. When the generator starts, the voltage returns to normal, and this circuit will immediately return to normal operation. When the

bulb is burned out or damaged and cannot be lit, when the output wire is disconnected or damaged, and when there is no bulb installed, there will be a risk of sparking, which may cause fire in the car or people in the car to be injured. Therefore, this circuit is equipped with an open circuit and short circuit protection circuit, which automatically cuts off the power when open circuit, short circuit and leakage occur.

When the power is on, the LED automatically lights up, and when the power is off, the LED goes out, which is more intuitive and convenient to use.

As shown in the circuit block diagram, this circuit includes a booster 2, an A/C converter 3 and a high-voltage ignition 4 which are sequentially connected behind a DC power supply 1. The output end of the high-voltage ignition 4 is connected to an HID high-intensity gas discharge lamp 5. A reverse protection circuit 6 is also provided between the DC power supply 1 and the booster 2. The utility model circuit also includes a control protection module, which includes a switch tube 8, a pulse width modulator 9 and an undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit 10. The primary coil of the booster 2 is connected in series with the switch tube 8. The control end of the switch tube 8 is connected to the output end of the pulse width modulator 9. The input end of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit 10 is connected to the output end of the DC power supply 1 for sampling. The output end of the undervoltage and overvoltage protection circuit 10 is connected to the pulse width modulator 9. 9, the control protection module also includes an open circuit and short circuit protection circuit 7, the input end of the open circuit and short circuit protection circuit 7 is connected to the output end of the booster 2 for sampling, the output end of the open circuit and short circuit protection circuit 7 is connected to the input end of the pulse width modulator 9, the control protection module also includes a ballast tracking circuit 12, the ballast tracking circuit 12 samples the voltage from the output end of the booster 2 and samples the current from the A/C converter 3, the output end of the ballast tracking circuit 12 is connected to the input end of the pulse width modulator 9, the circuit also includes a power indication circuit 13, the power indication circuit 13 is connected to the output end of the DC power supply 1, and a filtering network is arranged between the DC power supply 1 and the booster 2, and between the A/C converter 3 and the high voltage ignition 4.

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