[Keysight Technology Thanksgiving Month Essay Contest] Drink the water and remember its source. Thank Keysight for accompanying me on my growth journey from student to engineer

nemo1991

[Keysight Technology Thanksgiving Month Essay Contest] Drink the water and remember its source. Thank Keysight for accompanying me on my growth journey from student to engineer [Copy link]

When you drink water, you should remember its source. Thank you for accompanying me on my growth journey from student to engineer

Time flies. Every year, when the cherry blossoms and crabapple blossoms are in full bloom, it is graduation season. The scene of last year's graduation is still vivid in my mind. In a blink of an eye, I have been working for a year. When I was working, I often missed the free university life and the fulfillment of working on my own small projects in the laboratory. Of course, my knowledge and ability at work have also improved. From an electrical student to an engineer now, Keysight is a good assistant and good friend who has accompanied me all the way. Ahem, to be honest, I am not very used to the name of Keysight. I have been used to Agilent for so many years, so I will call it Agilent in the following text! If you want to do your work well, you must first sharpen your tools. The signals of electronic systems cannot be directly observed by humans, and instruments become the sensory system for electronic engineers to process electronic systems. Being able to use instruments for measurement and analysis is a basic step in debugging work, and reliable and accurate instruments are an important guarantee for measurement work. From the time I entered university to the time I graduated and started working, Agilent instruments accompanied me in my growth and progress, and there was always a shadow of Agilent in every bit of my gains.

(1) First contact with course design

The first course design in university was based on the MSP430 to implement signal conditioning and acquisition processes. In this process, I first came into contact with Agilent instruments - every test bench in the laboratory was equipped with a full set of Agilent equipment, including digital multimeters, oscilloscopes, signal generators, etc. It was a long time ago, and I can only find a blurry photo of an oscilloscope, model MSO-X 3032A, 350M 2 channels.

The first time I came into contact with Agilent instruments, I felt amazed, and the large-size, high-resolution display screen was a great experience. I still remember that I was always a little awed by such a high-end instrument, fearing that I would damage the instrument due to operating errors. Using this oscilloscope and signal generator, my friends and I gradually became familiar with the construction of basic amplification circuits, the use of PGA amplifiers, and the use of MSP430's ADC, Timer, IO and other resources. The debugging process is always challenging and interesting. Many problems that seem very simple now also took us a lot of time at the time. It was really a great sense of accomplishment when we finally completed the waveform measurement and summary. In addition to analog channels, the MSO-X series also has 16-bit digital channels, but we did not use the digital part. In this process, I also had a basic concept of the use of oscilloscopes. Using oscilloscopes to analyze waveforms is an entry-level skill for electronic engineers. Compared with a single voltage signal provided by a multimeter, the waveform provided by the oscilloscope contains more information, and this information is the key to analyzing the system.

(2) Overcoming difficulties in the electronic design competition

During the electronic design competition in the third year of college, we concentrated on studying and preparing in the laboratory. In fact, it was the laboratory where the course design was conducted, and we still used a familiar set of instruments. In this process, we had more opportunities to use instruments. At that time, we made some preparations for the power supply and analog questions. In addition to the oscilloscope, the instruments we used more were signal generators and digital multimeters. What impressed me most was that during the design of the BUCK circuit, we could use the 3032A to perform basic FFT analysis, which could be used to observe the frequency distribution of the power supply output noise, which helped us provide important information for the optimization of filter parameters.

The model of the digital multimeter was 34405A. 34405A is a 5.5-digit digital external meter with test functions such as voltage, resistance, capacitance, current, and frequency.

The model of the signal generator was 33521A. 33521A can output 30M bandwidth sine wave, square wave and pulse wave.

As a student majoring in electronics, I have a simple love for excellent instruments in the process of learning electronic design. Instruments are good assistants to help me analyze and locate problems. At the same time, my work must also be tested by instruments. Good instruments are undoubtedly the guarantee of reliable design. I still remember asking the laboratory teacher how much a set of instruments on the test bench would cost, including instruments such as spectrum analyzers and high-frequency signal generators. The teacher replied: 150,000 to 200,000. So owning a set of instruments of my own has become a small dream of mine until now, haha.

(3) Daily interaction during the period of self-enrichment

After being admitted to the graduate school of this university, the academic pressure was greatly reduced, and I had a lot of free time in my senior year. My love for electronic design allowed me to spend most of my time on experiments and learning. This was a very happy and fulfilling period of my college life. I learn debugging in the laboratory every day. If I have any questions, I will ask the relevant teachers for advice. At the same time, the teachers also gave me a lot of financial support, so that I can do what I want to do. During this time, I made self-balancing cars, blood oxygen saturation detectors, learned TI's C2000, MSP430 series processors, etc., which greatly improved my ability.

During this time, Agilent's instruments were my good partners. Doing electronic design is a very simple thing. When the waveform is not right, I never question the instrument, and always search for my own problems. There may be impatience in daily life, but in the process of electronic design, I have become the most patient and good-tempered person.

There is no picture of the instrument here, so I put a picture of the blood oxygen meter I made (finally entering the high-definition era, haha).

Another thing that left a deep impression on me was that the junior student in the next laboratory imitated the TI design and made a minimum system version of 28377S. This board had a very strange phenomenon: it could run normally in RAM during program debugging, but it could not run correctly once it was burned into Flash. The junior student tossed around for more than two weeks but could not solve the problem. He was a little anxious because of the urging of the tutor. Later, the junior student learned that I had also made a similar board that could run normally, so he came to me for help. After seeing this problem and thinking about the phenomenon, I first suspected that the flash part of the junior student's program was configured incorrectly, but I checked his program and confirmed that there was no problem, so it must be a hardware problem. It can run in RAM, which means that there is no problem with the crystal and system kernel, but it cannot start when running in flash. Yes, it is very likely a problem with the flash power supply! Then I looked at the power supply on the board. The power supply also refers to TI's design, using TPS62420 to generate 3.3V and 1.2V power supplies from 5V. TPS62420 is an inherited buck controller, which is a small switching power supply. Looking at the layout of the junior's board, I am more convinced that this is a power supply problem - the DCDC layout of the board is unreasonable, for example, the layout from the TPS62420 SW pin to the inductor is not compact enough, the long trace inductance at high switching frequency will affect the power supply performance, and the return path is not set reasonably. At that time, I felt very confident and thought it was an opportunity to establish the prestige of the senior, haha! I asked the junior to bring the board over and used 3032A to observe the output ripple of the 3.3V power supply. As expected, the peak-to-peak value of the ripple has reached 400mV. Looking at the power supply requirements of 28377S for 3.3V power supply is 3.14V~3.47V, which can no longer meet the requirements. It took only about ten minutes from the time I got the board to the time I finished the measurement and checked the manual. Then I found my junior and returned the board to him. Then I told him very calmly: Try to use a regulated voltage source to supply the board 3.3V power supply, see if it can run. The junior did as I said, and the system ran normally! Then I explained to him the cause of the power supply problem and told me how the DCDC should be laid out. I still remember the junior's shock and admiration for the senior. The problem that had troubled him for more than two weeks was solved in ten minutes in front of me! Although I still pretended to be very calm, I was still very happy in my heart! I had suffered a loss in DCDC layout due to my lack of experience earlier, but this time I missed a trick, haha! (4) The right-hand man of the engineer After graduation, I became an electronic engineer and continued to move forward on the road of electronic design. The instruments I came into contact with after work are much more advanced. After looking at the parameters of many instruments, there are only three words in my mind: how much? I quietly Googled it and then nothing happened. Let me introduce the Agilent instruments used in my work. 1. Vector Network Analyzer E5071C The vector network analyzer used in the laboratory is 4-port, and the measurement bandwidth is 300kHz-20GHz. The commonly used test items using vector networks are S parameter test, insertion loss test, PA and LNA gain test, etc. For example, the following figure tests the S parameters of a section of connecting line. The S11 and S22 parameter values are around -20dB at each test frequency, indicating that the reflection is small and the port impedance is close to 50R; S12 and S21 are the insertion losses of the connecting line at each frequency. Basically, the insertion loss gradually increases with the increase of frequency. S parameters are very important concepts in RF. The reflection coefficient can be used to determine the matching characteristics of the port, and the transmission coefficient can be used to determine the gain characteristics between ports. 349337 2. Spectrum Analyzer N9010A The frequency range of this spectrum analyzer is 9kHz-26.5GHz. A spectrum analyzer can be used to observe spectrum characteristics, analyze harmonics and noise, etc. A spectrum analyzer can be used to test the spectrum characteristics of a signal, locate some EMC sources, and so on.

For example, the figure below shows the spectrum measurement results of a 5G RF signal. The center frequency of the signal is 5.807GHz, the double frequency is 11.8GHz, and the point marked in marker3 is the local oscillator frequency of the signal.

Similarly, a spectrum analyzer can also be used to measure the frequency of a crystal. Crystals are very sensitive to load capacitance. It is inaccurate to use an oscilloscope or other contact method to measure the crystal frequency. A spectrum analyzer provides a good solution. The figure shows the measurement of the crystal frequency. The nominal frequency of the crystal is 20MHz, and the actual value is 19.999 963MHz. 3. Infiniium High-Performance Oscilloscope DSO91304A DSO91304A is a high-performance oscilloscope with a bandwidth of up to 13GHz, a sampling rate of up to 40GSa/s, and a minimum noise floor of only 1.73mV. It is mainly used for signal integrity testing, such as DDR, PCIe, USB and other high-speed signal testing. The figure shows the eye diagram test results of a USB 2.0 signal. The data rate of USB is 480Mbps, and the signal period can be seen in the figure is about 2ns. The basic requirements for the eye height and width in the eye diagram are marked by the red mask in the figure, that is, the signal must not overlap with the mask. From the test results, the eye diagram effect of USB2.0 meets the requirements. 350028 4. InfiniiVision Oscilloscope DSO-X 3054A Compared with the above three oscilloscopes, the parameters and price of this oscilloscope are much inferior, but I felt familiar with it when I saw it for the first time! Yes, this is the upgraded version of 3032A that I have been using in college. The number of channels has been upgraded to 4 channels, and the bandwidth has been improved. This oscilloscope is a single-board debugging tool, which fully meets the requirements for basic power supply and signal timing analysis. The figure shows the measurement of a power supply output noise: the oscilloscope is set in AC coupling mode, and the power supply is switched between light load and full load to observe the ripple voltage in steady state and the dynamic response capability during the switching process. 3054A has statistical capabilities and can perform brief analysis and processing on the data. 349343 (5) Summary During my university and working years, Agilent has always been a good partner for my learning and growth, and accurate and reliable measurement results have been a good helper for my debugging and analysis. I have only studied electronics for a few years, and to some extent I am still a newcomer, and I have just started in terms of technology. But these few years have allowed me to find the direction I love and the direction I work hard for. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and a river is formed by the accumulation of small streams. I hope I can keep my original intention, practice consistently in this industry, strive for a better life for myself, create corresponding value for the company, and make a contribution to China's electronics industry! Finally, I hope Keysight will continue to work hard and provide engineers with more excellent instruments! I believe that Keysight will continue to accompany me step by step in the days to come!

This content is originally created by EEWORLD forum user nemo1991. If you need to reprint or use it for commercial purposes, you must obtain the author's consent and indicate the sourceVector Network Analyzer E5071C

The vector network used in the laboratory is 4-port, and the measurement bandwidth is 300kHz-20GHz. The commonly used test items using vector networks are S parameter test, insertion loss test, PA and LNA gain test, etc. For example, the S parameter of a connecting line is tested in the figure below. The S11 and S22 parameter values are around -20dB at each test frequency, indicating that the reflection is small and the port impedance is close to 50R; S12 and S21 are the insertion loss of the connecting line at each frequency. Basically, the insertion loss gradually increases with the increase of frequency.

S parameters are very important concepts in RF. The reflection coefficient can be used to determine the matching characteristics of the port, and the transmission coefficient can be used to determine the gain characteristics between ports.

2. Spectrum Analyzer N9010A

The frequency range of this spectrum analyzer is 9kHz-26.5GHz. A spectrum analyzer can be used to observe spectrum characteristics, analyze harmonics and noise, etc. A spectrum analyzer can be used to test the spectrum characteristics of a signal, locate some EMC sources, and so on.

For example, the figure below shows the spectrum measurement results of a 5G RF signal. The center frequency of the signal is 5.807GHz, the double frequency is 11.8GHz, and the point marked in marker3 is the local oscillator frequency of the signal.

Similarly, a spectrum analyzer can also be used to measure the frequency of a crystal. Crystals are very sensitive to load capacitance. It is inaccurate to use an oscilloscope or other contact method to measure the crystal frequency. A spectrum analyzer provides a good solution. The figure shows the measurement of the crystal frequency. The nominal frequency of the crystal is 20MHz, and the actual value is 19.999 963MHz. 3. Infiniium High-Performance Oscilloscope DSO91304A DSO91304A is a high-performance oscilloscope with a bandwidth of up to 13GHz, a sampling rate of up to 40GSa/s, and a minimum noise floor of only 1.73mV. It is mainly used for signal integrity testing, such as DDR, PCIe, USB and other high-speed signal testing. The figure shows the eye diagram test results of a USB 2.0 signal. The data rate of USB is 480Mbps, and the signal period can be seen in the figure is about 2ns. The basic requirements for the eye height and width in the eye diagram are marked by the red mask in the figure, that is, the signal must not overlap with the mask. From the test results, the eye diagram effect of USB2.0 meets the requirements. 350028 4. InfiniiVision Oscilloscope DSO-X 3054A Compared with the above three oscilloscopes, the parameters and price of this oscilloscope are much inferior, but I felt familiar with it when I saw it for the first time! Yes, this is the upgraded version of 3032A that I have been using in college. The number of channels has been upgraded to 4 channels, and the bandwidth has been improved. This oscilloscope is a single-board debugging tool, which fully meets the requirements for basic power supply and signal timing analysis. The figure shows the measurement of a power supply output noise: the oscilloscope is set in AC coupling mode, and the power supply is switched between light load and full load to observe the ripple voltage in steady state and the dynamic response capability during the switching process. 3054A has statistical capabilities and can perform brief analysis and processing on the data. 349343 (5) Summary During my university and working years, Agilent has always been a good partner for my learning and growth, and accurate and reliable measurement results have been a good helper for my debugging and analysis. I have only studied electronics for a few years, and to some extent I am still a newcomer, and I have just started in terms of technology. But these few years have allowed me to find the direction I love and the direction I work hard for. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and a river is formed by the accumulation of small streams. I hope I can keep my original intention, practice consistently in this industry, strive for a better life for myself, create corresponding value for the company, and make a contribution to China's electronics industry! Finally, I hope Keysight will continue to work hard and provide engineers with more excellent instruments! I believe that Keysight will continue to accompany me step by step in the days to come!

This content is originally created by EEWORLD forum user nemo1991. If you need to reprint or use it for commercial purposes, you must obtain the author's consent and indicate the sourceVector Network Analyzer E5071C

The vector network used in the laboratory is 4-port, and the measurement bandwidth is 300kHz-20GHz. The commonly used test items using vector networks are S parameter test, insertion loss test, PA and LNA gain test, etc. For example, the S parameter of a connecting line is tested in the figure below. The S11 and S22 parameter values are around -20dB at each test frequency, indicating that the reflection is small and the port impedance is close to 50R; S12 and S21 are the insertion loss of the connecting line at each frequency. Basically, the insertion loss gradually increases with the increase of frequency.

S parameters are very important concepts in RF. The reflection coefficient can be used to determine the matching characteristics of the port, and the transmission coefficient can be used to determine the gain characteristics between ports.

2. Spectrum Analyzer N9010A

The frequency range of this spectrum analyzer is 9kHz-26.5GHz. A spectrum analyzer can be used to observe spectrum characteristics, analyze harmonics and noise, etc. A spectrum analyzer can be used to test the spectrum characteristics of a signal, locate some EMC sources, and so on.

For example, the figure below shows the spectrum measurement results of a 5G RF signal. The center frequency of the signal is 5.807GHz, the double frequency is 11.8GHz, and the point marked in marker3 is the local oscillator frequency of the signal.

Similarly, a spectrum analyzer can also be used to measure the frequency of a crystal. Crystals are very sensitive to load capacitance. It is inaccurate to use an oscilloscope or other contact method to measure the crystal frequency. A spectrum analyzer provides a good solution. The figure shows the measurement of the crystal frequency. The nominal frequency of the crystal is 20MHz, and the actual value is 19.999 963MHz. 3. Infiniium High-Performance Oscilloscope DSO91304A DSO91304A is a high-performance oscilloscope with a bandwidth of up to 13GHz, a sampling rate of up to 40GSa/s, and a minimum noise floor of only 1.73mV. It is mainly used for signal integrity testing, such as DDR, PCIe, USB and other high-speed signal testing. The figure shows the eye diagram test results of a USB 2.0 signal. The data rate of USB is 480Mbps, and the signal period can be seen in the figure is about 2ns. The basic requirements for the eye height and width in the eye diagram are marked by the red mask in the figure, that is, the signal must not overlap with the mask. From the test results, the eye diagram effect of USB2.0 meets the requirements. 350028 4. InfiniiVision Oscilloscope DSO-X 3054A Compared with the above three oscilloscopes, the parameters and price of this oscilloscope are much inferior, but I felt familiar with it when I saw it for the first time! Yes, this is the upgraded version of 3032A that I have been using in college. The number of channels has been upgraded to 4 channels, and the bandwidth has been improved. This oscilloscope is a single-board debugging tool, which fully meets the requirements for basic power supply and signal timing analysis. The figure shows the measurement of a power supply output noise: the oscilloscope is set in AC coupling mode, and the power supply is switched between light load and full load to observe the ripple voltage in steady state and the dynamic response capability during the switching process. 3054A has statistical capabilities and can perform brief analysis and processing on the data. 349343 (5) Summary During my university and working years, Agilent has always been a good partner for my learning and growth, and accurate and reliable measurement results have been a good helper for my debugging and analysis. I have only studied electronics for a few years, and to some extent I am still a newcomer, and I have just started in terms of technology. But these few years have allowed me to find the direction I love and the direction I work hard for. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and a river is formed by the accumulation of small streams. I hope I can keep my original intention, practice consistently in this industry, strive for a better life for myself, create corresponding value for the company, and make a contribution to China's electronics industry! Finally, I hope Keysight will continue to work hard and provide engineers with more excellent instruments! I believe that Keysight will continue to accompany me step by step in the days to come!

This content is originally created by EEWORLD forum user nemo1991. If you need to reprint or use it for commercial purposes, you must obtain the author's consent and indicate the sourceInfiniiVision Oscilloscope DSO-X 3054A Compared with the above three oscilloscopes, the parameters and price of this oscilloscope are much inferior, but I felt familiar with it when I saw it for the first time! Yes, this is the upgraded version of the 3032A that I have been using in college. The number of channels has been upgraded to 4 channels, and the bandwidth has been improved. This oscilloscope is a single-board debugging tool, which fully meets the requirements for basic power supply and signal timing analysis. The figure shows the measurement of a power supply output noise: the oscilloscope is set in AC coupling mode, and the power supply is switched under light load and full load conditions to observe the ripple voltage in the steady state of the power supply and the dynamic response capability during the switching process. The 3054A has statistical capabilities and can perform brief analysis and processing on the data.

(5) Summary

During my college and work years, Agilent has always been a good partner for my learning and growth, and accurate and reliable measurement results are a good assistant for my debugging and analysis.

I have only studied electronics for a few years. To some extent, I am still a newcomer and have just started in terms of technology. But in these few years, I have found the direction that I love and the direction that I work hard for.

A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and a river is formed by the accumulation of small streams. I hope that I can keep my original intention, practice consistently in this industry, strive for a better life for myself, create corresponding value for the company, and make an effort for China's electronics industry!

Finally, I hope that Keysight will continue to work hard and provide engineers with more excellent instruments! I believe that Keysight will continue to accompany me step by step in the days to come!

This content is originally created by EEWORLD forum user nemo1991. If you want to reprint or use it for commercial purposes, you must obtain the author's consent and indicate the sourceInfiniiVision Oscilloscope DSO-X 3054A Compared with the above three oscilloscopes, the parameters and price of this oscilloscope are much inferior, but I felt familiar with it when I saw it for the first time! Yes, this is the upgraded version of the 3032A that I have been using in college. The number of channels has been upgraded to 4 channels, and the bandwidth has been improved. This oscilloscope is a single-board debugging tool, which fully meets the requirements for basic power supply and signal timing analysis. The figure shows the measurement of a power supply output noise: the oscilloscope is set in AC coupling mode, and the power supply is switched under light load and full load conditions to observe the ripple voltage in the steady state of the power supply and the dynamic response capability during the switching process. The 3054A has statistical capabilities and can perform brief analysis and processing on the data.

(5) Summary

During my college and work years, Agilent has always been a good partner for my learning and growth, and accurate and reliable measurement results are a good assistant for my debugging and analysis.

I have only studied electronics for a few years. To some extent, I am still a newcomer and have just started in terms of technology. But in these few years, I have found the direction that I love and the direction that I work hard for.

A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step, and a river is formed by the accumulation of small streams. I hope that I can keep my original intention, practice consistently in this industry, strive for a better life for myself, create corresponding value for the company, and make an effort for China's electronics industry!

Finally, I hope that Keysight will continue to work hard and provide engineers with more excellent instruments! I believe that Keysight will continue to accompany me step by step in the days to come!

This content is originally created by EEWORLD forum user nemo1991. If you want to reprint or use it for commercial purposes, you must obtain the author's consent and indicate the source