Approaching Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) + [Qorvo RF Book Reading Notes]
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The RF Technology For Dummies series of books written by Qorvo uses pictures and texts, and concise descriptions to explain the basic knowledge of the next generation of communication systems in an easy-to-understand way. In "Internet of Things FOR DUMMIES", the author depicts a better connected world. For example, at home, through the information collected from smart devices, you can simply know whether the cat is in the house, and in-depth information can be obtained about each person in which room and what temperature they need. Intelligent learning functions can identify the living patterns of the elderly at home, such as how often they go out, how they rest during the day, and how they take medicine. This is a real case of smart elderly care. It is more advanced than giving the elderly a simple mobile phone with a help button. These scenarios require a large amount of data from underlying sensors and require real-time networking. This is also the first step in the realization of the Internet of Things: the Internet of Everything. At present, many engineers have a more embarrassing problem when choosing to network smart devices. Take the currently popular shared bicycles as an example. A simple shared bike needs to send information such as the location of the vehicle, whether it is used by someone, and whether it needs to be unlocked. If you go deeper, you can also collect vehicle damage information (such as tire damage, solar cell damage, etc.). This information is not large, generally between Bytes and KBytes, and the rate requirement is not high. Delays of seconds are acceptable. This information is difficult to send through local area network communications such as WiFi and Bluetooth. If it is sent through 3G/4G networks, it is possible, but it consumes too much power and communication resources, so operators also need to charge higher fees. If there is a communication solution that occupies less resources (so that operators can also reduce the tariff to a very low level) and is not speed-sensitive, that would be the best. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) was born in this situation. In "5G Radio Frequency FOR DUMMIES", we can learn that narrowband Internet of Things is a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) radio technology 4G standard used by IoT sensors and devices to communicate over cellular networks. However, unlike many other features of 5G, narrowband Internet of Things is not necessarily designed for speed. Cat-NB1 uses a channel bandwidth of just 200kHz, which is closer to the old Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) standard than LTE's 20MHz and 5G NR's 100MHz. Cat-NB1 and its 5G derivative standard are the counterparts to 5G enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). It uses the narrowest bandwidth and slowest data rates to reduce costs and achieve a battery life of ten years (or more). NB-IoT is primarily used for IoT sensors and devices. Using frequency bands below 1GHz, large networks of low-power sensors (each sending a small data report) can be efficiently aggregated over long distances. For these devices, it is not important to receive the data they send with ultra-low latency or for each transmission to be acknowledged by the receiver. Therefore, NB-IoT is an ideal technology for large-scale IoT use cases. So we can see that some of the assumptions are wrong: 5G is faster and occupies more spectrum resources. This is wrong. It should be said that 5G can be faster and use more spectrum resources. There is also an NB-IoT standard that uses only 200kHz bandwidth and is closer to 2G GSM in speed. 5G will be more power-hungry. This is also wrong. In fact, NB-IoT is a standard that takes low power consumption into consideration and can achieve a battery life of more than ten years. 5G is not a simple standard, but a collection of technologies and standards. 5G is not the whole of the Internet of Things, but it will be an important basic component of the next generation of the Internet of Things. This content was originally created by EEWORLD forum user x1816. If you need to reprint or use it for commercial purposes, you must obtain the author's consent and indicate the source
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