What makes supercapacitors “super”?

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What makes supercapacitors “super”? [Copy link]

With the market demand, the name "supercapacitor" has gradually entered the public's field of vision. However, most people's understanding of capacitors is still at the level of ordinary capacitors, and they are not clear about what supercapacitors are.

The "super" in supercapacitors is compared with ordinary capacitors. Supercapacitors are also called farad capacitors, golden capacitors, and double-layer capacitors. They are a new type of energy storage device developed based on the double-layer theory of plates and electrolytes, and have super-large farad-level capacitance. So, where is the "super" of supercapacitors reflected?

1 ) Fast charging speed, charging can reach more than 95 % of its rated capacity in a few seconds to a few minutes ;

2 ) Long cycle life, deep charge and discharge cycles can reach more than 500,000 times, with no "memory effect";

3 ) Super strong high current discharge capability, high energy conversion efficiency, small process loss, high current energy cycle efficiency ≥ 90% ;

4 ) High power density. The huge surface area and very small charge separation distance make supercapacitors have a larger capacity than traditional capacitors, and the power density can reach 5 to 10 times that of batteries;

5 ) The raw material composition, production, use, storage and disassembly process of the product are pollution-free, making it an ideal green and environmentally friendly power source;

6 ) The charging and discharging circuits are simple, and no charging circuit like a rechargeable battery is required. It has a high safety factor and is maintenance-free for long-term use;

7 ) Excellent ultra-low temperature characteristics, wide temperature range -40 ℃ ~ +85 ℃;

The above points can reflect the "super" advantages of supercapacitors. The main application of supercapacitors is to be used in conjunction with batteries as a backup power source. They have the capacity that ordinary capacitors do not have, and the power density, service life, and ultra-wide operating temperature range that lithium batteries do not have. At present, supercapacitors are only slightly inferior in energy density. With the current development trend, I believe we will hear good news soon!

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The energy density is not on the same order of magnitude as batteries, so it is still not very useful.