LEDs are usually lit with a constant current. How do you change the brightness of an LED? The answer is PWM control. In a square wave of a certain frequency, you can adjust the duty cycle of the high and low levels to achieve this. For example, if we use a low level to light up an LED, we assume that a frequency cycle is divided into 10 equal time parts. If the duty ratio of the high and low levels in the square wave is 9:1, this is a relatively dim brightness. If the duty ratio of the high and low levels in the square wave is 10:0, then all are high levels and the light is off. If the duty ratio is 5:5, it is an intermediate brightness. If the high-to-low ratio is 1:9, it is a relatively bright brightness. If the high-to-low ratio is 0:10, then all are low levels, which is the brightest.
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