Understanding Surge Absorbers Understanding Surge Absorbers 1. What is a surge? In electronic circuit design, we often hear the term \"surge\", but what is the real definition of \"surge\"? The so-called \"surge\", as the name suggests, is a \"sudden electric wave\", which expresses the same phenomenon as \"current pulse\" and \"voltage pulse\". From the oscilloscope, in the stable current or voltage waveform, if we see a particularly prominent abnormal waveform or noise, and the amplitude is several times or even tens or hundreds of times larger than the normal waveform, we can determine it as a surge. Of course, the prerequisite must be that your oscilloscope can withstand such a surge. 2. The generation of surges Generally speaking, there are two main reasons for the generation of surges: one is the lightning surge generated by thunder and lightning, and the other is the switch surge caused by the circuit switch. Lightning surges are generated by nature, so if the circuit you designed must be used in areas prone to thunderstorms, then it is absolutely necessary to add appropriate overload protection. Switching surges are surges generated when the circuit is turned on. When surges occur, if there is no so-called \"surge protection\" in the circuit you designed, the circuit is prone to malfunction due to switching surges. In more serious cases, the circuit may be damaged due to overload, or the life of electronic components may be shortened due to long-term interference from surges. Therefore, in circuit design, we must try to avoid the generation of surges. If it cannot be avoided, a mechanism to absorb surges must be added. Electronic components that are prone to surges are mainly related components that control the opening and closing of circuits, including relays, switches, solenoids, fuses, and switch control components containing thyristors in ICs, or switching regulators made of transistors. As long as most components related to switch control are sources of surges. 3. Surge absorber In order to prevent the damage that surges may cause to the circuit, we need to add some surge absorbers as a protective measure: for external lightning surges, we can use lightning arresters and resistors to protect the circuit; as for the switching surges generated internally, the common method is to add diodes (zeners) or metal oxide varistors to do...
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