Let’s first look at a basic block diagram example of a two-phase bipolar drive circuit.
A two-channel H-bridge drive circuit can be used to drive a two-phase bipolar stepper motor. This block diagram is an example of a circuit that uses PWM operation for constant current drive. Its operating principle is basically the same as driving a brushed DC motor using PWM output.
The current regeneration modes when the motor current decays include Slow Decay and Fast Decay. In some modes, the current followability may be reduced, or vibration or noise may be caused. To address this problem, there is also a driver with a Mix Decay function that can adjust the ratio of Slow Decay and Fast Decay from the outside. Regarding the current regeneration mode, it is planned to explain it in "Part 2".
The following are waveforms of 2-phase excitation (slow decay), 1-2 phase excitation (full torque in two phases, slow decay), 1-2 phase excitation (torque in two phases = torque in single phase, slow decay), and 1/4 step excitation (slow decay) of a two-phase bipolar stepper motor drive. The key point to confirm is the relationship between the input signal INxx, the output voltage OUTxx, each output current, and the number of steps. In the case of 1/4 step, the step size can be made finer and the current change is more gentle, so the motor can rotate smoothly.
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